Will Science And Religion Ever Reconcile - 1920 Words

Will Science and Religion Ever Reconcile? There is a long documented history of conflict between religion and science. As two institutions that have a considerable effect on society and global opinion, and ones that are based on very separate principles, conflict seems almost inevitable and history proves this. But in the modern age will it ever be possible for us to reconcile the ideas of two things that create and explain the foundations of our society? Throughout much of history, religion has been the more dominant of the two. The Catholic Church has been prominent in the development of western civilisation for centuries and, especially during the scientific renaissance, had a powerful and widespread influence. At a time when the Catholics and Protestants were battling over control of Europe, science was a controversial topic. The Church was vehemently against any scientific theory which could in any way be seen to undermine the principles of its religion. Scientists had to carefully navigate the Church to avoid prosecution for heresy. Galileo Galilei, himself a dedicated Christian, inspired vigorous opposition from the Church. He worked between the 16th and 17th Centuries and championed Copernicus’ theory of heliocentrism, which placed the Sun at the centre of the universe instead of the Earth, despite the Bible stating ‘the Lord set the earth on its foundations; it can never be moved’ . A principle such as hi s, accepted as common knowledge in today’s society, was foundShow MoreRelatedThe Forest Of Gombe By Jane Goodall889 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"In the Forest of Gombe† by Jane Goodall describes her own perspective of the correlation between religions and science through her experiences in the forest at Gombe where she finds comforting to recover from the loss of her husband. Developed several new concepts regarding life, Goodall comes up with the idea of the coexistence of science and religion. Agreeing with Goodall, however, the windows that Goodall sees through have no drawbacks. â€Å"Taught as s scientist†, Goodall is trained â€Å"to thinkRead More Weaknesses of Descartes Arguments Essays1641 Words   |  7 Pagesand true philosophical arguments and claims.   For instance, his argument for faith that a non-deceiving God exists and allows us to clearly reason and perceive was a circular argument.   Another issue with Descartes philosophy is that he wanted to reconcile scientific and religious views, which is wrong since the two maintain completely different foundational beliefs and they should exist exclusively- without relation to the other.   Thirdly, he believed that the mind was the Self and the Soul, failingRead MoreA New Insight On The Moon s Levels Of Oxygen1473 Words   |  6 PagesOrigins, A New Insight With increasing evidence, it is becoming ever more evident that a large Mars-sized body, Theia impacted the planet that was to become Earth. This collision caused fragmentation of the two celestial objects and eventually coalesced to form the moon. (1) Scientists have analyzed the Moon’s levels of oxygen molecule types are identical to Earth’s. (2) Thus, the collision delivered much of the Oxygen necessary for early water to form, as water is a collection of Oxygen and theRead MoreThe Forest Of Gombe By Jane Goodall1219 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"In the Forest of Gombe† by Jane Goodall, Goodall describes her own perspectives of the correlation between religions and science through her experiences in the forest at Gombe after she loses her husband to cancer. She comes up with several new concepts which she calls windows during her time in the forest. Goodall develops the idea of the coexistence of science and religion for her deeper understanding of life and th e world. I agree with her which the windows that Goodall sees through have noRead MoreCan Religion and Science be Compatible?1326 Words   |  5 PagesCan Religion and Science be Compatible? Accepting the compatibility between science and religion is a tactic used by those who instinctively fear that a manifest conflict between the two areas would endanger the future of science. They are worried about the possibility that scientists would not receive any financial support or that science classes in schools might be replaced with hours of religion. A huge number of atheist scientists are aware of the negative role, that they have irrational ideasRead MoreTruth of Illusion: The Purpose of Myths749 Words   |  3 Pagesthem. Whether it is of Zeus and Hera or Izanami-no-Mikoto and Izanagi-no-mikoto, every civilization and culture upon this world has its own mythos. However, the age of myth is waning as it is overshadowed in this modern era by fundamental religion and empirical science. The word myth has come to connote blatant falsehood; however, it was not always so. Our myths have reflected both the society and values of the culture they are from. We have also reflected o ur inner psyche, conscious and unconsciousRead MoreThe Dilemmas Of The World1578 Words   |  7 Pageswith a complex system of beliefs. All of the unknowns that surround us threaten our knowledge and our beliefs if we don’t know how to approach them. Our sense of being-in-the-world is defined by how we understand what surrounds us—we must either reconcile it according to that which we believe or reconfigure our system of knowledge to allow for the previously unknown to become a part of our being. The way we approach these unknowns is highly dependent on our philosophies and our willingness to be wrongRead MoreParadise Lost : Books V V. Milton s Scale Of Nature715 Words   |  3 Pagesto Adam then that would mean that all matter came from God. Not only does this reconcile science and religious beliefs because as Newton’s First Law says, â€Å"Matter can neither be created nor destroyed,† but it also asserts that all matter begins as being inherently goo d. This explanation disqualifies ex nihlo because as science says there can be no absolute nothing. Milton’s attempts to resolve the religion versus science issues are made stronger by his references to Galileo and astronomy. But Milton’sRead MoreDescartes, Hobbes, and Pascal Essay examples1033 Words   |  5 PagesDescartes, Hobbes, and Pascal During the 17th and 18th century, religion, religious beliefs and most of all the religious leaders played a very influential role in the direction of politics. This was also a time when religion and politics played a large role in the direction of what was accepted as a result of the new discoveries in the natural sciences and in a time when there were some very influential writers, philosophers, scientists and mathematicians. At the time, these people wereRead MoreThe Problem Of Pain : Lewis s First Foray Into Christian Writing Essay933 Words   |  4 PagesDivine Goodness, Human wickedness, The Fall of Man, Human Pain, Hell, Animal Pain and Heaven, arriving at the conclusion, that the argument is not unanswerable. Lewis opens the book with an introductory, that attempts to describe the origins of religion and its role in the problem of pain. Pulling from his personal experiences as an atheist in his youth, Lewis looks to find an answer to how man came to the notion of attributing the creation of the universe to a wise and good creator. â€Å"Not many

Evidence Based Practice And The Occupational Therapy...

Evidence-Based Practice Evidence based practice, EBP, is a phrase often heard by the occupational therapy, OT, student and is commonly used at the professional level as well. The term is frequently referenced by professors and textbooks, and can even be found in the American Occupational Therapy Association (2006) Centennial Vision Statement as a defining characteristic of the profession. With such an emphasis placed upon it, it is helpful to understand what is meant by the phrase evidence-based practice, why it is considered important to the profession, barriers to practicing it, and how to incorporate it in future practice. What is Evidence-Based Practice Evidence- based practice is a trend both within the occupational therapy field and in the medical profession as a whole. It was first introduced in 1971 when Archibald Cochrane published â€Å"Effectiveness and Efficiency† where he suggested that because resources are limited clinical evaluation and treatment should be made based on sound evidence (Katsikis, 2014; Shah Chung, 2009). The definition of EBP written by Sacket (1996) is still frequently quoted today; he defined EBP as the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of the individual patient. It means integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research. In essence, EBP is the treatment plan that develops through the appliedShow MoreRelatedResearch Study, Ward, Mitchell, And Price1299 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout their research study, Ward, Mitchell, and Pr ice (2007) address a major area of concern within the field of OT, the emphasis of occupation based practice in individual treatment sessions. They researched data dating back to the sixties in order to discover when in history the profession has strayed away from its foundational views In order to keep up with the traditional medical model, the OT profession lost sight of its core values and lost its unique contribution to the field as a holisticRead More Alzheimer’s Disease Essay1067 Words   |  5 PagesPeople with Alzheimer’s disease have impaired abilities due to the destruction of nerve cells in the brain (American Occupational Therapy Association, 2011). Alzheimer’s disease is a â€Å"degenerative brain disease of unknown cause that is the most common form of dementia, that results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood, that leads in advanced cases to a profound decline in cognitive and phys ical functioning† (Merium-Webster dictionary)Read MoreEssay On Geriatists989 Words   |  4 Pages(OTA’s) are traditionally working in hospice care and emerging practice for Alzheimer Disease and Dementia patients to making a difference every day. According to Wagenfeld; when a geriatric patient gets admitted to hospice, a typical length of stay is about six months or less and when a patient is diagnosed with Alzheimer Disease and Dementia that patient could need assistance that varies from mouths to years(2016). Occupational therapy practices like activities of daily living (ADLs), instrumental activitiesRead MoreOccupational Therapy And Occupational Therapists1243 Words   |  5 Pagesof qualified occupational therapists. There now was a minimal standard of training that had to be met before an individual was put in the directory (AOTA, 2009). The name was changed to the American Occupational Therapy Association. The American Medical Association worked with the Amer ican Occupational Therapy Association starting in 1933 on getting improved education programs for occupational therapists (AOTA, 2009). World War II was a very influential event on occupational therapy. There was aRead MoreDiscourse Analysis On The Occupational Therapy Profession1568 Words   |  7 Pages(Deapul.edu, n.d.), a discourse community is a group of individuals that communicate and covey their message in the professional and public domain. This format of communication depending on the job field is known as discursive practices (Deapul.edu, n.d.). These communications practices can include communication avenues specific to the field. This can include journals, books, research articles, case studies, public outreach, and lectures. Each field utilizes their own specific jargon that conveys theirRead MoreSocial Cognitive Modeling Characteristics : Analysis1062 Words   |  5 Pagesteaching? That brings a reflective answer. Based on Bandura’s social cognitive theory (1994) learning takes place when the learner is provided with behavioral, cognitive and affective modeling. The characteristics of effectiv e modeling includes: competence, perceived similarity, credibility, and enthusiast. Looking at competency, within the occupational therapy profession, the process starts during the educational experience and flows into the clinical practice. Through the educational setting, theoryRead MoreOutcomes Of Alternative And Complementary Therapy On Older Adults Receiving Palliative Care1653 Words   |  7 PagesOutcomes of Alternative and Complementary Therapy on Older Adults Receiving Palliative Care 104591505 University of Windsor Outcomes of Alternative and Complementary Therapy on Older Adults Receiving Palliative Care Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is becoming more frequently integrated with traditional medicine, however, the efficacy of CAM on the psychosocial and physical well-being of patients receiving palliative care is still being investigated. CAM improves palliative care for CanadiansRead MoreEarly Intervention For Young Children1292 Words   |  6 Pages Early Intervention for Young Children With Sensory Integration Conditions and the Role of an Occupational Therapist Kassandra Griffin Keiser University Early Intervention for Young Children with Sensory Integration Conditions And the Role of an Occupational Therapist Sensory integration is a condition that can be found in young children. This condition is defined as the difficulty of developing motor and cognitive skills at a typical rate(book). If the parent of a child withRead MoreOccupational Therapy : A Diverse Field1395 Words   |  6 PagesOccupational Therapy focuses primarily on helping people in the things they want and need to do for everyday life through therapy. Occupational therapy is a diverse field that is a powerful, science-driven, and evidence-based profession. This career field requires friendliness, empathy, no judgement, knowledge, and assertiveness. Occupational therapists must also have good written, verbal, and nonverbal communication skills and critical thinking skills. It is a physically, mentally, and emotionallyRead MoreThe Field Of Occupational Therapy1216 Words   |  5 Pagesfield of occupational therapy during the mechanistic paradigm of the 1960’s. In the last few years of this decade, occupational therap y was beginning to divert back to its original, holistic focus. Occupation as a health-restoring measure, with emphasis on the person and environment, was becoming the focal point (Flick, 2015). Elizabeth Yerxa, a registered occupational therapist, emerged as a leader during this time with contributions to the philosophical foundation and values of the occupational therapy

Employee Trust and Workplace Performance †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Employee Trust and Workplace Performance. Answer: Introduction: Every organization has an individual system by which it operates in. For some organization there is the top-bottom system; others use the bottom-up system while other agencies use the flat system. Each kind of operating system has its structure. The structure of the organization is the medium through which information flows. Organizational structure is crucial to the functioning of any society. Different structure depicts different working conditions and different results. Employee participation and accountability is another factor that influences the operation of an organization. A sound management system cultivates close communication with staff, and this translates to achieving the goals and objectives (Owusu 1999). Meat pack is a food processing company that has recently changed its structure. All the changes made were aimed at improving the performance of the business. Several changes affected the management. Employee interaction with the directorate has been encouraged, and the ascending management systems have been replaced by a flatter management system to promote management accountability. Challenges have however accompanied these changes in the leadership and cultural context. This article will evaluate the changes made at meat pack and determine to what extent the changes have been effective. The report will involve some subtopics that will help in the evaluation. The approach Bison should take on the business: hands-off or hands-on Bison is the CEO of Meatpack company. The company has a target to become a 1 billion dollar company by the year 2020. The CEO Bison has the task of driving the company towards the realization of this dream. To this effect, Bison has taken several steps regarding employee performance. He started working with an executive coaching and senior leadership development company to help develop his senior strategy team. The development program was a wise move from him that will benefit the company. Leadership training helps the leader become an efficient communicator which plays a crucial role in employee motivation ( Pamlife 2012). Bison has also introduced the Human Synergistic Circumflex. The formula has helped him know the organizations culture about the behavior of the staff and management. Bison has also introduced a coaching consultation for senior strategy team members. In addition to this, he has encouraged the line managers to take on a more hands-on approach. Hands-on results into the managers taking on a leadership role and working from the front and collaborating with the employees to achieve the objectives of the company (Ray 2017).Bison has thus implemented a flatter structure and eliminate the hierarchical structure. The new structure has led to open communication between the managers and the employees. The hands-on approach by the managers and the flatter organizational structure has enabled the employees to be more accountable and the managers to lead from the front. Bison is now safe to take a hands-off approach to the business. The hands-off approach involves the management managing the organization through their team leaders and not interacting with the employees and never crossing the line of authority of the team leaders (Miller 2017). He has equipped his team leaders with the necessary knowledge through the development programs. The style of communication has changed from the previous shouting to a more derogative form where the managers and supervisors try and talk to their seniors and know what is not working as it should. The employees fear Bison because he is one of the founders of the company and thus may fear to question his decisions. The fact that there is some anxiety created by him should also encourage him to take a hands-off approach. The concern stems from the fact that the company has lost some senior employees and it had something to do with Bison. He also describes himself as not a big peoples person and recognizes that CEOs should be good at interacting with the workers. The above reasons and the contributions that Bison has made justifies that he should take a hands-off approach to the business and see the results of his investments pay off. The plan will give the employees the sense of responsibility, accountability, and fulfillment because they will be aware that they have been trusted to manage their tasks. This approach will also give Bison space to work on other big projects comfortably because he will be sure the employees will dedicate a lot of effort to their jobs (Miller 2017). He should give the senior leadership space and time to implement what they learned and to develop their qualities to be better leaders. The hands-off approach will induce accountability to the managers who will ensure their juniors work hard to reach the targets. The extent to which senior leadership change has been effective Senior leadership plays a significant role in any company. A company with strong senior leaders is bound to thrive in the world of business. Leaders should keep on developing to keep up with the changing times and be in a position to lead their teams efficiently. Great managers should possess qualities communication, should show maturity and learn to control their emotions because they are in the frontline of representing the companys values, flexible to adapt to both real and challenging situations, accountable to always aim at achieving the set objectives (Cincotta 2014). The CEO of MeatPack company has considerably invested in the senior leadership of the organization. He has introduced a leadership development session where the top leaders get more insight on how to develop their skills. A company-wide leadership development program was initiated in the company plus a coaching consultation for members of the senior strategy team. The results of such investment should have an impact on the enterprise. The top leaders should now change from the cultural expectations in a manner that will inspire their juniors to follow (Quinn 2016). They should change from the dominant set of values, behaviors, and norms to a set of rules that will encourage professionalism. Development programs should enhance self and secondary consideration structure (Tharenou 1990). The senior leaders, after the development training, should show more transparency and regularly update the employees of the companys vision and goals and give the direction to which the company is headed (Dukelowhow 2017). Effective senior leadership can change the culture of the company to be more inclusive. When decision-making includes all employees, they will make a greater contribution to team collaboration and will be more motivated to accomplish the organizations mission and objectives (Tsai 2011). Organization is another quality that strong senior leaders should have. Organization is a prerequisite of prioritizing. Senior leaders should present both self and institutional organization. The goal of this quality is to find things in the shortest time possible (Dinkle 2011). The institutional organization will aid the company in achieving its aims and objectives within the shortest time. Senior leaders should put an organized system in place which integrates the departments of the company to enhance efficient functioning of the institution. The employees should be free to interact with their seniors but at the same time respect them and ensure they get their work done. Compassion is a trait that strong senior leaders should have. Compassion increases employee loyalty (Seppala 2015). Managers should be compassionate but still firm enough to have their orders followed. Meatpack company senior leaders should have the qualities described above. Some members of the senior strategy team said that they gained a lot of insight from the training. Management organization in the company is not firm as it should be. There has been uncertainty about the composition of the senior strategy team where some members attend the meeting but are unsure if they belong to the team. Other members do not go to the meetings but are considered to be part of the team. Senior managers have adopted the culture of talking to their employees and talking about the problem. Managers will now understand the problems the workers face and come up with permanent solutions. The Rockefeller habits have were put into practice. Rockefeller habits involve the three pillars of priorities, data, and rhythm (Allison 2012). Managers can talk to their team members without offending them. Jobs are completed on time because the employees dont feel insulted by their seniors, but rather they feel like part of the company. A major setback for the company is the question of accountability. Meatpack Company has senior strategy team and a senior leadership team. Bison is also the CEO of the enterprise. When an occurrence that could be harmful to the company happens, the individual to take responsibility is not clear. The blame will have no one to fall on since the leadership positions are too many. Coordination and integration of the day and night shifts have not been cohesive. Priorities of the two shifts are not aligned. Increasing productivity is the priority of the day shift while the afternoon shift focuses on being ready for the sensitive lorry pick-ups. Senior leaders have the duty of bringing to balance the two shifts. Lack of coordination results in unnecessary pressure on one of the shifts. Employees coming from other companies have acknowledged that Meatpack is more organized than other businesses. An organization is key to the functioning of the enterprise, and the senior leaders seem to be on the right track. The number of managers who go through the schedule for the following day is too high. The managers should organize themselves to reduce that number or to take shifts. Overall the senior leadership of Meatpack is valid to a certain extent. Work on organization, coordination, and accountability still needs to be done. Industrious relations are good, and the managers take the leadership role. Employees feel appreciated and are more involved in decision-making. Yields have increased in the past year due to the collaboration among the seniors and their juniors. The impact of the change of the senior leadership is evident. What senior leadership can do to influence more change positively in the future Culture exists in every institution. Every organization has its unique set of culture norms (FAIRLEIGH DICKSON UNIVERSITY n.d.). The managers at Meatpack should set a more positive culture. Employee participation should increase. The rewarding of the employee is a good initiative towards developing a positive culture. The employees could be allowed to choose the rewards they would like. Choice of the present is expected to increase employee performance (Caza 2015). Recognition of employees helps in motivating them to work hard. A culture that involves recognition of workers will raise the performance of Meatpack Company. Employees will work hard with the aim of being the best, and consequently, it will result in better performance of the company. Trust is a valuable input in an organization. The level of trust workers put on their seniors determines how they will perform. The extent to which employees will trust their manager to be fair and honest influence the level to which the worker will engage in productive behavior ( Brown2015). Meatpacks senior leaders should get to know their juniors well. Biases should not be involved in decision-making or punishment. Employees trust in the management will create loyalty. Companies with loyal employees perform well because the laborers always engage fully in their tasks. Change often face resistance in the workplace. Often, the effort to bring change leads to diminishing job performance (Zenger 2015). Employee trust results to the workers accepting change since they know that their managers have their best interests in mind. Management enthusiasm also helps boost employee morale. Employees tend to reflect their superiors. The workers get to understand the mindset of their manager and can work towards achieving the companys objectives since they have a clear picture of what the manager expects of them. As staff becomes acquainted with the managements vision, they will be more willing to promote a culture of change and embrace the new ideas (is4profit 2011). A dull management impacts a flat attitude in the workers. Employees end up performing poorly or averagely and not to their potential. Meatpacks managers are young and energetic. Engaging the workers should be frequent with the intention of sharing their enthusiasm. Meatpack Company senior leadership has to show energy and determination with the aim of motivating the employees. Positive change is necessary for the company. Change requires a different culture. People at the workplace hold on to the institutions working culture, therefore, the management needs to strategize on how to implement change positively without rupturing employee relations. The extent to which Meatpacks flatter structure has helped create a cultural and performance change The culture of an organization grows over time. Cultural change is only accepted if significant events occur (Heathfield 2016). A change in the management style is significant to cause a cultural shift at Meatpack Company. Before the introduction of the flatter structure, communication to workers was through shouting. Managers would shout at the employees whenever there was a problem. Communication was top-bottom. Managers sat back and watched the employees work. Meatpack Company had the culture of employees not interacting with managers and the senior leadership not engaging the workers in decision-making or problem-solving discussions. Bison introduced a horizontal structure in the company. The structure has resulted into interactions among the managers and their juniors. Managers now engage the employees in discussions in finding solutions to common problems. Shouting no longer applies in communication. Senior leaders have taken leadership positions. Managers now lead in the everyday business activities. Employees now speak freely to the high-ranking officials of the company. The flatter structure has influenced positive change that the workers are embracing. The new structure has allowed promotion to supervisors. Employees with the talent and work ethics now have the opportunity to nature their talents and rise to senior positions. Performance of employees at Meatpack Company has changed due to the flatter structure. Workers engage with their superiors and give their perspective on company issue. Involvement of the employees has motivated them to work harder. Managers performance has also changed to better. The managers are now at the front steering the company forward. Engagement of employees and the senior leadership has resulted into working solutions for the problems encountered. The overall performance of the company has increased. Integration of company superiors and their workers takes credit for the improved performance. The increment in yields and lack of loss injury time in the past year marks the companys performance improvement. Change, especially in an organization is not readily embraced by everyone. Barriers to change always require a smart strategy to maneuver around them. Often employees are resistant to change because they feel that the modification is going to make their life worse. Failure of the management to examine the current state also causes resistance (Mar 2013). Some cultural shift occurs as the company grows while some changes are planned (Lee 2016). Change, however, cannot take place overnight. Workers cannot change their culture immediately. Various aspects of the business area and the complexity of the interrelated parts affect the workers Fortunately for Meatpack Company, there has not been any barriers to the culture change. Development programs that the senior leaders took inspired them to become better leaders. Managers willingly interacted with the employees. Reception by the employees of the culture change was positive. The CFO, CEO, COO all embraced the cultural shift. Culture change at the company is active because the existing norms were not favorable to the workers. Shouting at the employees was not the best way to communicate. Employees yearned for managerial understanding on the problems they encounter at the company. The new culture allowed discussions and consultations between workers and the managers. Inclusivity of the laborers in decision-making was a change for the better. Senior executives, through the development training, realized that engaging their juniors was a better style of leadership than shouting at them. The training programs for the senior leadership of the company were a smart move to in itiate the change. List References Allison, S 2012. Mastering The Rockefeller Habits-How to scale a Hyper-growth Business.[Online] Available at: www.forbes.com [Accessed 31 September 2017]. Caza, A. McCarter M.W. Gregory. B. Northcraft 2015. Performance Benefits of reward choice: a procedural perspective. Human Resource Management Journal, 25(2), pp. 184-199. Cincotta, C 2014. 7 Traits to Turn Good Managers into Great Managers. [Online] Available at: www.entrepreneur.com/article/238129. [Accessed 29 September 2017]. Dinkle, A M 2011. Time Management: Organization and Prioritizing. [Online] Available at: www.alnmag.com/article/2011/04/time-management-organization-and-prioritizing [Accessed 29 September 2017]. Dukelowhow, J 2017. how senior leadership can improve employee communication. [Online] Available at: www.tembosocial.com/blog/how-senior-leadership-can-improve-employee-communication [Accessed 5September 2017]. FAIRLEIGH DICKSON UNIVERSITY, n.d. Enhance Your Business by Creating A POSITIVE culture. [Online] Available at: view2.fdu/academics/silberman-college/centers-and-institutes/rothan-institute-of-entrepreneurship/outreach-programs/family-business-forum/family-ink-articles/7-enhance-your -business/ [Accessed 29 September 2017]. Heathfield, S. M 2016. How To Change Your Company Culture. [Online] Available at: www.the balance.com/how-to-chnge-your-culture-1918810 [Accessed 29 September 2017]. Zenger, J. Folkman J 2015. 7 things Leaders Doto Help People Change. [Online] Available at: hbr.org/2015/07/7-things-leaders-do-to-help-people-change [Accessed 29 September 2017]. Miller, K 2017. Hands-on managersvs. Hands-off Mangers. [Online] Available at: www.workzone.com/blog/hands-on-mangers-vs-hands-off-managers/ [Accessed 28 September 20117]. Owusu, Y A 1999. Importance of employee involvement inworld-classagile management systems. InternationalJournalof agile, 1(2), pp. 107-115. Tharenou,P. lydon J.T 1990. The effect of a supervisory development program on leadership style. Journal of business and psychology, 4(3), pp. 365-373. Ray, l 2017. azcntral. [Online] Available at: yourbusiness.azcentral.com/handson-leadership-7838.html [Accessed 28 September 2017]. Pamlife, R, Pectu A.J., Draghic M. 2012. The Importance of Leadership in driving a strategic lean six sigma management. [Online] Available at: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s1877042812044540 [Accessed 28 September 2017]. Quinn, R. Quinin R.E. 2016. Change management and leadership have to mesh. [Online] Available at: hbr.org/2016/01/change-management-and-leadership-development-have-to-mesh [Accessed 29 September 2017]. Brown, S, Taylor K 2015. Employee trust and workplace performance. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, Volume 116, pp. 361-378. Seppala, E 2015. why compassion is a better managerial aspect than toughness. [Online] Available at: hbr.org/2015/05/why-compassion-is-a-better-managerial-tactic-than-toughness [Accessed 29 September 2017]. The is4profit team, 2011. 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Justice For All Essays - Social Inequality, African-American People

Justice For All? Over the last thirty years, minorities have been given a better chance to succeed in America by way of Affirmative Action. Recently, there has been a surge of non-minority Americans claiming reverse racism. Affirmative Action is now being called ?preferential treatment?. In the beginning, it was designed to help minorities have a more equal opportunity in the world. A group of non-minority Americans in California claimed that they were being denied admittance to universities in the admitting process. This led to Ward Connerly, a member of University of California Regents, promoting the anti Affirmative Action message (NLSPAC, 1). Proposition 209 bans both discrimination and preferential treatment to various minorities on the basis of race, creed, sex, or place of origin (NLSPAC, 1). Connerly does not clearly structure his mode of thought. His understanding of reality is not real pertaining to minorities. The social context of Affirmative Action is its origin in the Civil Rights Movement. It was designed to give minorities and women special consideration for contracts, employment, and education (Froomkin, 2). Connerly is not a woman and he does not acknowledge the fact that he is African American, a minority. Connerly owns a consulting firm and only divulges his race when necessary, ? I felt that it could be damaging to my business to be identified as a minority firm,? he says (Pooley, 4). Connerly does not understand or cannot relate to other minorities about the struggles that minority's face getting into corporate America. Since Connerly has already received his degree, owns his own business, and does not reveal his race for contracts, he does not understand what minorities who do not have these things go through. Therefore, his mode of thought is completely o bscured and distorted. I consider Connerly's group to be minorities. However, he cannot relate to his group because he does not speak the same language as his group. By language, I mean social attitude. Most minorities try to accept all of the help they can get. For instance, the government will defer a company's capital gains taxes indefinitely if that company sells a cable system to a partnership controlled by a minority (Birnbaum, 1). There have been other programs like this one where minorities benefited. This too will end if Affirmative Action is ended. Connerly does not understand that minorities still need special privileges to be as successful as non-minorities. He does not realize how much minorities stand to lose.. The meanings or opinions of a situation depend on which group you belong to in society. There are two different opinions to the same situation. One is held by minorities and the other by non-minorities. Connerly associates himself with the non-minorities. Connerly's inherited situation changed twice during his childhood. When he was four, his mother died and he was taken in by his middle class uncle and aunt (Pooley, 3). At age twelve, he went to live with his grandmother who was in the lower class bracket. It was during this time that Connerly's work ethic and also hate of his race began (Pooley, 3). He worked to help his grandmother and resented the fact he went to a lower income household. Connerly could not further his ways of knowing in his inherited situation because he disassociated himself from others in his race. This is due to struggles that he faced. Connerly's struggle with nature is one of his biggest problems. It is a natural fact that he was born a black male in the late 1930's in a lower class family. Civil Rights had not been established and he was considered an inferior citizen. Connerly wishes he could live in a colorblind society. Therefore, he could not be classified by something he wishes he were not. The struggle of an individual with another individual happens on a daily basis. Minorities and non-minorities compete for contracts, educational, and employment opportunities on a daily basis. This causes major conflict between people. Critics of Affirmative Action claim that schools rely too heavily on racial double standards (Gwynne, 2). Now that Affirmative Action is helping minorities, non-minorities are feeling the same effects of not getting jobs and contracts that they had been getting previously. The playing field is more equal and